Grand Fir
Abies grandis
Grand Fir is a fast-growing Pacific Northwest fir with flat, glossy needles arranged in neat flat sprays and a strong citrus scent when crushed.
- Light
- Full sun to part shade
- Water
- Moderate; moist, well-drained soil
- Difficulty
- Moderate
Got a plant like this?
Identify any plant from a photo, free.
Overview
Grand Fir (Abies grandis) is a tall, fast-growing fir of the Pacific Northwest, reaching 130–230 ft. It is known for its flattened, two-ranked needles that lie in tidy horizontal sprays.
Crushed foliage releases a distinctive tangerine or citrus aroma, making it a popular and fragrant Christmas tree as well as a major timber species.
How to identify it
- Needles: Flat, glossy dark green above, 1–2 in, arranged in two flat rows (a horizontal spray); rounded or notched tips.
- Scent: Strong citrus/tangerine smell when crushed.
- Cones: Upright, cylindrical, green to brown, sitting atop branches and disintegrating on the tree (typical of firs).
- Bark: Smooth gray with resin blisters when young, becoming ridged.
- Size: Very tall, often 130–200+ ft.
Care & growing
Grand Fir prefers full sun to part shade with cool, moist, well-drained soil.
- Water: Keep moist; it dislikes prolonged drought.
- Soil: Deep, fertile, moist, slightly acidic loam.
- Temperature: Hardy USDA zones 5–6; likes cool, humid climates.
- Feeding: Light feeding supports its fast growth.
- Propagation: From seed after cold stratification.
Habitat & origin
Native to the Pacific Northwest, from British Columbia south through Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and into northern California.
It grows in moist valleys, lower mountain slopes, and along streams in mixed-conifer forests, often the dominant lowland fir.
Frequently asked questions
How do I recognize Grand Fir?
Look for flat, glossy needles in two neat horizontal rows that smell strongly of citrus when crushed.
Why do its cones disappear?
Like all true firs, the upright cones break apart on the tree rather than falling intact.
Is Grand Fir a good Christmas tree?
Yes, it is prized for its strong tangerine fragrance and soft, dense needles.
How big does Grand Fir get?
It is one of the tallest firs, commonly exceeding 130 ft and sometimes over 230 ft.
Grand Fir guides
In-depth guides for identifying, growing, and caring for Grand Fir.
