African Milk Tree
Euphorbia trigona
The African milk tree is a fast-growing, upright succulent with ridged, branching green stems that resemble a cactus. Despite the look, it is a Euphorbia with caustic milky sap, not a true cactus.
- Light
- Bright light to some direct sun
- Water
- Sparingly; let soil dry
- Difficulty
- Easy
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Overview
The African milk tree (Euphorbia trigona) is a popular columnar succulent that grows in an upright, candelabra-like form of three- or four-sided ridged stems. Though often mistaken for a cactus, it is a Euphorbia and exudes a toxic white latex when cut.
It grows quickly for a succulent and can reach several feet tall indoors, making a bold architectural houseplant. A red-leaved cultivar, 'Rubra,' is especially prized.
Small teardrop-shaped leaves grow along the ridges, and short spines line the stem edges, adding to its cactus-like appearance.
How to identify it
- Upright, three- or four-sided ridged green stems that branch vertically like a candelabra
- Small, teardrop-shaped leaves along the ridge edges
- Short paired spines along the stem ridges
- Milky white latex sap when cut (irritant)
- 'Rubra' cultivar has reddish-purple foliage
Care & growing
- Light: Bright light with some direct sun; tolerates a range but greens best in good light
- Water: Water sparingly when soil dries; drought-tolerant and rot-prone if overwatered
- Soil: Well-draining cactus or succulent mix
- Temperature: Warm; protect from frost, keep above about 50 F
- Feeding: Light feeding during the growing season
- Propagation: From stem cuttings; wear gloves, rinse the sap, and let cuttings callus before planting
Habitat & origin
Native to Central and West Africa, where it grows in warm, dry to seasonally moist regions. Its exact wild origin is somewhat obscured by long cultivation.
It is grown worldwide as an easy, fast-growing ornamental houseplant and as a hedge or boundary plant in frost-free climates.
Uses & benefits
Grown as a striking ornamental houseplant and landscape accent, valued for its bold vertical form and ease of care.
In parts of Africa it is used as a living fence. Caution is essential: the milky sap is caustic and can cause skin rashes and severe eye irritation, and it is toxic if ingested, so handle with gloves and keep away from pets and children.
Frequently asked questions
Is the African milk tree a cactus?
No. Despite its cactus-like look it is a Euphorbia, and unlike cacti it produces toxic milky sap when cut.
Is the sap dangerous?
Yes. The white latex is caustic and can irritate skin and eyes and is toxic if swallowed. Wear gloves and wash off any contact.
Why is my plant leaning or stretching?
It bends toward light and stretches in dim conditions. Give it bright light and rotate the pot for even, upright growth.
How do I propagate it?
Cut a stem segment wearing gloves, rinse off the sap, let the cut callus for several days, then plant in dry soil.
African Milk Tree guides
In-depth guides for identifying, growing, and caring for African Milk Tree.
